CAN or Controller Area Network is a bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other without a host computer. Here is the construction details of a do-it-yourself CAN-Bus transceiver using the Microchip’s MCP2551 High-Speed CAN Transceiver IC. The output pins of this circuit can be configured for use with an OBDII cable or a CAN Analyser.
According to datasheet, MCP2551 is a high-speed CAN, fault-tolerant device that serves as the interface between a CAN protocol controller and the physical bus. The MCP2551 device provides differential transmit and receive capability for the CAN protocol controller, and is fully compatible with the ISO-11898 standard, including 24V requirements. It will operate at speeds of up to 1 Mb/s. Typically, each node in a CAN system must have a device to convert the digital signals generated by a CAN controller to signals suitable for transmission over the bus cabling (differential output). It also provides a buffer between the CAN controller and the unwanted high-voltage spikes that can be generated on the CAN bus by external sources.
In the transceiver circuit diagram, connector J1 have 4 connections (VDD/TXD/RXD/GND) and connector J2 have 3 connections (CAN_H/CAN_L/GND) respectively. The jumper JP1, when closed, placed the 120-Ohm terminating resistor across the CAN-High & CAN-Low lines. As stated earlier, you can configure these CAN outputs to use with an OBDII cable or CAN Analyser pinout. The whole circuit can be assembled on a small piece of veroboard. It is better to extend the CAN output connections to a standard DB-9 male-connector (for better flexibility) as per the optional wiring guide shown after the schematic circuit diagram.
For interfacing with your 5V microcontroller, you can directly connect TXD & RXD pins of J1 to your microcontroller’s relevant I/O pins, and CAN_H & CAN_L pins of J2 to the outside device, for example to the OBDII cable, CAN Analyzer, etc.
If your microcontroller is a 3.3V type, a logic level converter should be used to lower the logic levels to 3.3V logic. Note that, an “OBDII to DB9 Cable” allows you to access the pins on your car’s OBDII connector. The cable has an OBDII connector on one end and a DB9 female serial connector on the other. This cable is not meant to be plugged directly into a computer’s serial port. It is meant to plug into some sort of hardware interface, like our transceiver. Here is the basic pinout of the OBDII cable (OBDII → DB9 Female):
CAN & OBDII?
OBD (onboard diagnostics) defines the modern fuel managed vehicles electronic interface system. OBDII is a set of specifications for monitoring and reporting on engine performance in modern automobiles. The OBDII specification provides for a standartized hardware interface the female 16-pin (2×8) J1962 connector, located on the driver’s side of the passenger compartment near the center console.
The CAN bus is simply a pair of wires, often twisted around each other, running around the vehicle and terminated at either end of the two-wire network with resistors of 120 – Ohms. The only components connected to the CAN bus are the electronic control units (nodes). Other components, such as sensors, motors, light bulbs, switches, etc. are wired only to the electronic control units. A vehicle which uses CAN bus for onboard diagnostics can only respond to an OBDII request from a tester which uses CAN. OBDII provides access to numerous data from the Engine Control Unit (ECU) and offers a valuable source of information when troubleshooting problems inside a vehicle. Two wires of CAN bus, CAN_H and CAN_L, will have the same voltage when idle (about 2.5V), or a voltage difference of 2V when a signal is placed on the CAN bus. When a signal is placed on the CAN bus the CAN_H line is at a higher voltage than the CAN_L line. Each electronic control unit have its own CAN identity code, like an address. If an electronic control unit is to communicate to another it will need to know the CAN identity code of the recipient.
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